var subSegmentData = ("[{\"subSegID\":\"899-1-1\",\"segID\":\"899-1\",\"segNum\":1,\"subSegNum\":1,\"text\":\"Appreciate the previous comments\",\"startTime\":1},{\"subSegID\":\"899-1-2\",\"segID\":\"899-1\",\"segNum\":1,\"subSegNum\":2,\"text\":\"Set things up - some challenges out there.  Some of these talks have painted a negative picture.  Not all challenges about energy and climate change.\",\"startTime\":21},{\"subSegID\":\"899-1-3\",\"segID\":\"899-1\",\"segNum\":1,\"subSegNum\":3,\"text\":\"What is sustainability? - definition from UN Brundtland Commission, 1983.\",\"startTime\":65},{\"subSegID\":\"899-1-4\",\"segID\":\"899-1\",\"segNum\":1,\"subSegNum\":4,\"text\":\"Transform conflicts by addressing three key elements: Economic development, energy, environment\",\"startTime\":138},{\"subSegID\":\"899-1-5\",\"segID\":\"899-1\",\"segNum\":1,\"subSegNum\":5,\"text\":\"Have to figure out how to resolve climate change, security, social equity.\",\"startTime\":205},{\"subSegID\":\"899-1-6\",\"segID\":\"899-1\",\"segNum\":1,\"subSegNum\":6,\"text\":\"Three E's are Interconnected.\",\"startTime\":237},{\"subSegID\":\"899-1-7\",\"segID\":\"899-1\",\"segNum\":1,\"subSegNum\":7,\"text\":\"Energy is important for many reasons: National Security; Environment; Economic well being, quality of life.\",\"startTime\":281},{\"subSegID\":\"899-2-1\",\"segID\":\"899-2\",\"segNum\":2,\"subSegNum\":1,\"text\":\"In search of a new energy destination - some good quotes...  Some predictions.\",\"startTime\":329},{\"subSegID\":\"899-2-2\",\"segID\":\"899-2\",\"segNum\":2,\"subSegNum\":2,\"text\":\""If you don't know where you are going, any road will do."\",\"startTime\":391},{\"subSegID\":\"899-2-3\",\"segID\":\"899-2\",\"segNum\":2,\"subSegNum\":3,\"text\":\""The only people that accept change are toll collectors"  Inertia makes it hard to change, young and old people.\",\"startTime\":426},{\"subSegID\":\"899-2-4\",\"segID\":\"899-2\",\"segNum\":2,\"subSegNum\":4,\"text\":\"Population is a big concern for achieving sustainability.\",\"startTime\":465},{\"subSegID\":\"899-2-5\",\"segID\":\"899-2\",\"segNum\":2,\"subSegNum\":5,\"text\":\"Plot of geometric growth of population.\",\"startTime\":502},{\"subSegID\":\"899-3-1\",\"segID\":\"899-3\",\"segNum\":3,\"subSegNum\":1,\"text\":\"Progressing toward an asymptotic US?  Calculations.... \",\"startTime\":571},{\"subSegID\":\"899-3-2\",\"segID\":\"899-3\",\"segNum\":3,\"subSegNum\":2,\"text\":\"Lots of areas without a lot of people, so you get a crowded country.  Energy requirements increase too.\",\"startTime\":618},{\"subSegID\":\"899-3-3\",\"segID\":\"899-3\",\"segNum\":3,\"subSegNum\":3,\"text\":\"Lots of cars and trucks.  We have about 1TW of electricity generation capacity.\",\"startTime\":672},{\"subSegID\":\"899-3-4\",\"segID\":\"899-3\",\"segNum\":3,\"subSegNum\":4,\"text\":\"US will soon lose its leadership position as largest CO2 emitter to China and India.\",\"startTime\":705},{\"subSegID\":\"899-3-5\",\"segID\":\"899-3\",\"segNum\":3,\"subSegNum\":5,\"text\":\"World energy consumption is 440 quads now.  Projection for 2100.\",\"startTime\":739},{\"subSegID\":\"899-3-6\",\"segID\":\"899-3\",\"segNum\":3,\"subSegNum\":6,\"text\":\"If we continue on current trajectory, it is not sustainable.\",\"startTime\":796},{\"subSegID\":\"899-4-1\",\"segID\":\"899-4\",\"segNum\":4,\"subSegNum\":1,\"text\":\"Another piece - vehicles per 1000 people: US vs other countries.\",\"startTime\":827},{\"subSegID\":\"899-4-2\",\"segID\":\"899-4\",\"segNum\":4,\"subSegNum\":2,\"text\":\"US use of petroleum - mostly imported.  From DOE.\",\"startTime\":895},{\"subSegID\":\"899-4-3\",\"segID\":\"899-4\",\"segNum\":4,\"subSegNum\":3,\"text\":\"The US uses more oil than next 5 highest countries combined.\",\"startTime\":945},{\"subSegID\":\"899-4-4\",\"segID\":\"899-4\",\"segNum\":4,\"subSegNum\":4,\"text\":\"Left side is based on proven reserves.\",\"startTime\":982},{\"subSegID\":\"899-5-1\",\"segID\":\"899-5\",\"segNum\":5,\"subSegNum\":1,\"text\":\"Cost of energy - fossil fuels currently still cheap\",\"startTime\":1020},{\"subSegID\":\"899-5-2\",\"segID\":\"899-5\",\"segNum\":5,\"subSegNum\":2,\"text\":\"Natural gas is cleaner and more domestic, but coal is very inexpensive and abundant.\",\"startTime\":1070},{\"subSegID\":\"899-5-3\",\"segID\":\"899-5\",\"segNum\":5,\"subSegNum\":3,\"text\":\"Gasoline is still cheaper than bottled water!  $8-16/gallon.\",\"startTime\":1094},{\"subSegID\":\"899-5-4\",\"segID\":\"899-5\",\"segNum\":5,\"subSegNum\":4,\"text\":\"Instability of prices is also damaging.\",\"startTime\":1128},{\"subSegID\":\"899-5-5\",\"segID\":\"899-5\",\"segNum\":5,\"subSegNum\":5,\"text\":\"Climate change has been talked about lots but there are still other reasons to worry about this!\",\"startTime\":1155},{\"subSegID\":\"899-5-6\",\"segID\":\"899-5\",\"segNum\":5,\"subSegNum\":6,\"text\":\"Growing global energy demand on land use\",\"startTime\":1213},{\"subSegID\":\"899-5-7\",\"segID\":\"899-5\",\"segNum\":5,\"subSegNum\":7,\"text\":\"Sustainable Energy - Choosing among optoins, took us 10 years to build up this course.\",\"startTime\":1260},{\"subSegID\":\"899-5-8\",\"segID\":\"899-5\",\"segNum\":5,\"subSegNum\":8,\"text\":\"Connecting different disciplines at different scales can be done at places like Cornell.\",\"startTime\":1280},{\"subSegID\":\"899-6-1\",\"segID\":\"899-6\",\"segNum\":6,\"subSegNum\":1,\"text\":\"Desirable attributes of a sustainable energy technology.\",\"startTime\":1315},{\"subSegID\":\"899-6-2\",\"segID\":\"899-6\",\"segNum\":6,\"subSegNum\":2,\"text\":\"Generation and distribution issues both come up.\",\"startTime\":1368},{\"subSegID\":\"899-6-3\",\"segID\":\"899-6\",\"segNum\":6,\"subSegNum\":3,\"text\":\"Fossil and Nuclear Options.  Fossil: depletable, poor distribution.\",\"startTime\":1413},{\"subSegID\":\"899-6-4\",\"segID\":\"899-6\",\"segNum\":6,\"subSegNum\":4,\"text\":\"Nuclear Fission - scales with no carbon emissions, but wastes, proliferation, safety are issues.\",\"startTime\":1458},{\"subSegID\":\"899-6-5\",\"segID\":\"899-6\",\"segNum\":6,\"subSegNum\":5,\"text\":\"Fusion - still a long way off.\",\"startTime\":1489},{\"subSegID\":\"899-7-1\",\"segID\":\"899-7\",\"segNum\":7,\"subSegNum\":1,\"text\":\"Where do we go from here?  Collage of different possibilities - wind, solar, geothermal, biofuel.\",\"startTime\":1499},{\"subSegID\":\"899-7-2\",\"segID\":\"899-7\",\"segNum\":7,\"subSegNum\":2,\"text\":\"Renewables come out with high scores in sustainability.\",\"startTime\":1539},{\"subSegID\":\"899-7-3\",\"segID\":\"899-7\",\"segNum\":7,\"subSegNum\":3,\"text\":\"BUT quality and availability of renewables vary  widely.  Often require conversion to another fuel - increases cost.\",\"startTime\":1570},{\"subSegID\":\"899-7-4\",\"segID\":\"899-7\",\"segNum\":7,\"subSegNum\":4,\"text\":\"Take a look at geothermal for instance.  Going deep into the earth for heat.  Ex geysers.\",\"startTime\":1604},{\"subSegID\":\"899-7-5\",\"segID\":\"899-7\",\"segNum\":7,\"subSegNum\":5,\"text\":\"Most geothermal energy is near the boiling point of water.\",\"startTime\":1651},{\"subSegID\":\"899-8-1\",\"segID\":\"899-8\",\"segNum\":8,\"subSegNum\":1,\"text\":\"Future of Geothermal Energy\",\"startTime\":1699},{\"subSegID\":\"899-8-2\",\"segID\":\"899-8\",\"segNum\":8,\"subSegNum\":2,\"text\":\"Geothermal has been around for a long time for heat and energy.  Italians in 1904.\",\"startTime\":1738},{\"subSegID\":\"899-8-3\",\"segID\":\"899-8\",\"segNum\":8,\"subSegNum\":3,\"text\":\"Attractive - available 24/7 and don't need storage.  Complements wind and solar.  Currently rely on nature for the reserves.\",\"startTime\":1783},{\"subSegID\":\"899-8-4\",\"segID\":\"899-8\",\"segNum\":8,\"subSegNum\":4,\"text\":\"Iceland has made a complete transformation last 50 years (not withstanding financial complosion last year).\",\"startTime\":1809},{\"subSegID\":\"899-8-5\",\"segID\":\"899-8\",\"segNum\":8,\"subSegNum\":5,\"text\":\"2 world scale aluminum plants powered by geothermal.  Thinking about converting their transportation system.\",\"startTime\":1853},{\"subSegID\":\"899-8-6\",\"segID\":\"899-8\",\"segNum\":8,\"subSegNum\":6,\"text\":\"Location of geothermal sources - US has largest capacity - 2544MWe.  Global: 11,000MWe\",\"startTime\":1880},{\"subSegID\":\"899-8-7\",\"segID\":\"899-8\",\"segNum\":8,\"subSegNum\":7,\"text\":\"Renewable, accessible, environmentally friendly.  Currently limited to locations.\",\"startTime\":1935},{\"subSegID\":\"899-9-1\",\"segID\":\"899-9\",\"segNum\":9,\"subSegNum\":1,\"text\":\"Enhanced/Engineered Geothermal - mine the heat out.\",\"startTime\":1979},{\"subSegID\":\"899-9-2\",\"segID\":\"899-9\",\"segNum\":9,\"subSegNum\":2,\"text\":\"With EGS - if you go to 6km deep - the temperature.  Central NY has a higher gradient.\",\"startTime\":2006},{\"subSegID\":\"899-9-3\",\"segID\":\"899-9\",\"segNum\":9,\"subSegNum\":3,\"text\":\"Cornell Rises to the Challenge - CCSF\",\"startTime\":2052},{\"subSegID\":\"899-9-4\",\"segID\":\"899-9\",\"segNum\":9,\"subSegNum\":4,\"text\":\"Path to Carbon Neutrality - have to do many things.  Community of about 30,000 people.\",\"startTime\":2074},{\"subSegID\":\"899-9-5\",\"segID\":\"899-9\",\"segNum\":9,\"subSegNum\":5,\"text\":\"Could use geothermal and how to use on campus with biomass.\",\"startTime\":2125},{\"subSegID\":\"899-9-6\",\"segID\":\"899-9\",\"segNum\":9,\"subSegNum\":6,\"text\":\"Sum up - sustainable energy solutions require regional options compatible with the 3 E's.  Need to invest financial and human capital.  Long term plan.\",\"startTime\":2170},{\"subSegID\":\"899-10-1\",\"segID\":\"899-10\",\"segNum\":10,\"subSegNum\":1,\"text\":\"Q: Any engineered geothermal plants in action?  A: 30 year history...  None have been run long enough to say commercially viable.\",\"startTime\":2209},{\"subSegID\":\"899-10-2\",\"segID\":\"899-10\",\"segNum\":10,\"subSegNum\":2,\"text\":\"Different environment where you have to open the reservoir, hasn't been done anywhere with low porosity rock today.\",\"startTime\":2278},{\"subSegID\":\"899-10-3\",\"segID\":\"899-10\",\"segNum\":10,\"subSegNum\":3,\"text\":\"Q: Should be considering energy conservation?  A: Yes, if talking about transforming old buildings it's harder.\",\"startTime\":2312},{\"subSegID\":\"899-10-4\",\"segID\":\"899-10\",\"segNum\":10,\"subSegNum\":4,\"text\":\"Q: Huge drop from Cornell coal plant converting to natural gas.  A: Not looking at entire life cycle.\",\"startTime\":2384},{\"subSegID\":\"899-10-5\",\"segID\":\"899-10\",\"segNum\":10,\"subSegNum\":5,\"text\":\"For oil, you consume about 10% of the energy in transporting it to the end use.  LNG from Tunisia vs domestic NG higher cost.  Same for coal - shipped by train often.\",\"startTime\":2435},{\"subSegID\":\"899-10-6\",\"segID\":\"899-10\",\"segNum\":10,\"subSegNum\":6,\"text\":\"Tough question on whole life cycle calculation.\",\"startTime\":2482},{\"subSegID\":\"899-10-7\",\"segID\":\"899-10\",\"segNum\":10,\"subSegNum\":7,\"text\":\"For power plant - more efficient because can use combined cycle.\",\"startTime\":2562},{\"subSegID\":\"899-11-1\",\"segID\":\"899-11\",\"segNum\":11,\"subSegNum\":1,\"text\":\"Q: Lake source cooling - is that operational?  What's it doing to the lake?  A: Some things going on, being tracked.  Tiny footprint on the huge lake.\",\"startTime\":2579},{\"subSegID\":\"899-11-2\",\"segID\":\"899-11\",\"segNum\":11,\"subSegNum\":2,\"text\":\"Any other cooling system on campus?  Yes, every thermal cycle has a cooling side.  Different for lake source, closed loop.\",\"startTime\":2654},{\"subSegID\":\"899-11-3\",\"segID\":\"899-11\",\"segNum\":11,\"subSegNum\":3,\"text\":\"Q: Mechanics of fuel conversion.  Storing in a battery is all about molecules and atoms.\",\"startTime\":2697},{\"subSegID\":\"899-11-4\",\"segID\":\"899-11\",\"segNum\":11,\"subSegNum\":4,\"text\":\"Q: Has Cornell discussed building construction?  Yes.  Issues: lots of old buildings.  Very capital intensive at the front end, must factor in entire life cycle.\",\"startTime\":2749}]").parseJSON();